Which of the following is an adverse effect of administering adrenaline?

Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is commonly used in emergency medical situations due to its potent effects on the cardiovascular system and bronchodilation. Among the potential adverse effects of adrenaline administration, nausea and vomiting can occur. These effects are primarily due to the stimulation of the central nervous system, particularly at higher doses, or through the activation of adrenergic receptors in the gastrointestinal tract which can lead to gastrointestinal distress.

In medical practice, when adrenaline is administered, it induces various physiological changes, including increased heart rate, bronchodilation, and heightened blood pressure through the action on alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors. However, adverse effects like hypotension, increased peripheral resistance, and severe bradycardia are generally not associated with adrenaline use in the appropriate clinical contexts.

Hypotension is more likely to occur in cases of overdose or in certain pathological states rather than from normal therapeutic doses. Increased peripheral resistance is expected as adrenaline typically causes vasoconstriction in many vascular beds. Severe bradycardia is unlikely, as adrenaline usually increases heart rate rather than decreasing it. Thus, while adrenaline can have several side effects, nausea and vomiting are indeed recognized and correlate with its method of action and pharmacological profile, making this